Sunday, 21 June 2015

Thomas Cromwell’s illegitimate daughter Jane

Thomas Cromwell and his daughter Grace
 in "Wolf Hall"
Thomas Cromwell’s two known daughters, Anne and Grace, died from the fatal infectious fever called “the sweating sickness” that swept through England in 1528. However, in his History of the Lives and Actions of Thomas Cromwell, written c. 1761, Arthur Collins made a reference to Thomas Cromwell’s son Gregory “and a daughter Jane”.[1] In her recent biography of Thomas Cromwell, historian Tracy Borman wrote this about Jane:

“Little is known about her, except that she married William Hough of Leighton in Wirral, Cheshire, sometime between 1535 and 1540. Girls were often married as young as twelve years old, but even if the latter date for Jane’s marriage is accepted, she must have been conceived while Cromwell’s wife was still alive. Jane’s husband, a staunch Catholic, was the son of Richard Hough, who was Cromwell’s agent in Cheshire from 1534 to 1540. It is therefore likely that Cromwell arranged their marriage, which was a good one for a girl of Jane’s obscure origins. But he would arguably have performed this favour for any loyal servant, and there is little other than the girl’s surname to suggest that she might have been his daughter.” [2]

There’s also a curious reference to a daughter in a letter to Cromwell from his colleague, Richard Southwell, in 1537. Southwell wrote that “I saw a child of my Lady your daughter’s at a nunnery in Yorkshire”. [3] Sadly, nothing more is known about her. 

Sources:
[1] Michael Everett, The Rise of Thomas Cromwell: Power and Politics in the Reign of Henry VIII, p. 197.
[2] Tracy Borman, Thomas Cromwell: The Untold Story of Henry VIII’s Most Faithful Servant, Kindle edition.

[3] Michael Everett, The Rise of Thomas Cromwell: Power and Politics in the Reign of Henry VIII, p. 197. 

Thursday, 11 June 2015

“Don’t ask, don’t get”: Mary Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell in “Wolf Hall”

In Hilary Mantel’s “Wolf Hall”, there’s an apparent chemistry between Thomas Cromwell and Mary Boleyn, the sister of Anne. We meet Mary after her first husband William Carey, member of the King’s Privy Chamber, has died of sweating sickness in 1528. Mary regrets being widowed because “I am to be swept out after supper like the old rushes. Now I’m no one’s wife, they [the Boleyns, her family] can say anything they like to me”. She reveals to Thomas Cromwell that she “needs a new husband” and tells him that she needs a husband who would upset her family. “I want to marry a man who frightens them”, says Mary in the course of her conversation with Thomas Cromwell and Hilary Mantel clearly hints that Cromwell, who had recently lost his beloved wife, seems like a great catch to Mary Boleyn: “There is a sudden light in her blue eyes. An idea has dawned. She rests one delicate finger on the grey velvet she so admires, and says softly, ‘Don’t ask, don’t get’”.

“Don’t ask, don’t get”: Mary Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell's apparent chemistry in "Wolf Hall" 

Is there any truth to this? Was Mary Boleyn ever interested in Thomas Cromwell? Was he interested in her? Well, there is no historical evidence to prove that Mary Boleyn was romantically linked with Thomas Cromwell. Or that she was poor and couldn't afford grey velvet, as implied both in the novel and in the TV adaptation of "Wolf Hall". Mary and Cromwell certainly knew each other socially and when in 1534 Mary made a secret match to one William Stafford,  her social inferior, she appealed to Thomas Cromwell because she knew he could help her. According to Mary:

“I saw that all the world did set so little by me, and he [William Stafford] so much, that I thought I could take no better way but to take him and forsake all other ways, and live a poor, honest life with him. And so I do put no doubts but we should, if we might once be so happy to recover the King’s gracious favour and the Queen’s. For well I might have had a greater man of birth and a higher, but I assure you I could never have had one that should have loved me so well, nor a more honest man.”

Thomas Cromwell’s reply does not survive and, sadly, we don’t know if he interceded with Henry VIII and the Boleyns on Mary’s behalf. Mary's letter is the only recorded interaction between her and Cromwell. 

Sources:

Hilary Mantel, "Wolf Hall", (Fourth Estate, 2009)
Mary Stafford to Thomas Cromwell (1534), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1862-1910), Volume 7: 1655.


Wednesday, 10 June 2015

New book releases: Summer Reads

Here's a fresh selection of books to look forward to this summer! 

1. The Rival Queens: Catherine de' Medici, her daughter Marguerite de Valois, and the Betrayal That Ignited a Kingdom by Nancy Goldstone (non-fiction)



Release date: 18 June 2015 (UK), 23 June 2015 (US)

2. The Seymours of Wolf Hall: A Tudor Family Story by David Loades (non-fiction)



Release date: 15 June 2015 (UK), 19 August 2015 (US)

3. Margaret Pole: The Countess in the Tower by Susan Higginbotham (non-fiction)


Release date: 15 August 2015 (UK), 19 August 2015 (US)

4. The Taming of the Queen by Philippa Gregory (novel)



Release date: 13 August 2015 (UK), 25 August 2015 (US)